Method of Use of a Cross Staff (a) To set out a right angle: Let AB be the chain line on which it is required to set out a right angle at E. Fix a ranging rod at F on chain line AB, at some distance from E. Set up the cross staff at E, turn it Hail the rod at F is sighted through one of the grooves or lines of sight. In this survey, the base line runs through the center of the area, so that the offsets are left or right side of base line are fairly equal. In this survey, Types of Chains used in Surveying. These are the below chain surveying instrument used for surveying are listed below: 1. A college education is the best investment you can make in your future.

The cross staff is used to set out the perpendicular directions for offsets. The vertical slits are meant for sighting the object and the ranging rods. MCQ on Chain and cross staff survey. The chain, the steel band and tapes. The chain arrows for holding the chain or tape in position and for counting chain lengths. The Abney level for measuring slope angles. All the offset lengths GB, HF, IC and JE are measured either by chain or tape depending on the length of offsets. 8. The chain is stretched out between two points and the distance is measured using a measuring wheel or tape. 9. Transgender & Crossdressers 05/08/20: Creating Ginger Ch. Pegs are made out of timber as shown below with a cross-section of 2.5 x 2.5 or 3 x 3 cm. it is easier and quicker method ,but not very accurate .if great accuracy is desired ,the work should be carried out by the theodolite. Measure distance of AP and P to sighted object by chain (on grid line) and metallic tape (between P to sighted object). Chain surveying is best used for smaller planes with few details. Transgender & Crossdressers 05/07/20: Creating Ginger Ch. 30 meter chain. 4. 3. The cross staff is used to set out the perpendicular directions for offsets. Engineer's chain. The cross staff is used to set out the perpendicular directions for offsets. Millions of real salary data collected from government and companies - annual starting salaries, average salaries, payscale by company, job title, and city. Surveying in the mining industry, both in open-pit and underground mines, often goes hand in hand with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which is deployed to verify the spatial changes of mining works. 1) Open cross-staff. When you're far from home, however, you may come across an unfamiliar food or drink on the beloved chain's menu or find yourself ordering your own state's specialty before you remember where you are. Read on for regional McDonald's items worth a cross-country road trip, plus retired regional items that deserve a comeback. The cross staff and the optical square for setting out right angles. Non-Metric chain (a).Gunters chain or Surveyors chain (b). 6. What are the instruments required for a chain survey? 3.1 PRINCIPLE OF CHAIN SURVEYING. Surveyors Book. Measure distance of AP and PP by chain (on grid line) and metallic tape (between P to P). Distance between objects to meeting point is noted in field as well as on grid line. Two chains are usually provided one for measuring distance along the chain line and other for measuring the offsets. Offsets to corner points B, C, E and F are now laid from the chain line AD either by tape or cross-staff and their foot of offsets are G, I, J, H respectively. This means that the area to be surveyed is divided into a number of small triangles which should be well conditioned. CHAIN AND CROSS STAFF SURVEY Aim: To locate the boundaries of a given field and also to determine the area. Transgender & Crossdressers 10. The pole is fitted with an iron shoe. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Two chains are usually provided one for measuring distance along the chain line and other for measuring the offsets. The cross staff is used to set out the perpendicular directions for offsets. In this survey, the base line runs through the center of the area, so that the offsets are left or right side of base line are fairly equal. Offsets to corner points B, C, E and F are now laid from the chain line AD either by tape or cross-staff and their foot of offsets are G, I, J, H respectively. (i). We will guide you on how to place your essay help, proofreading and editing your draft fixing the grammar, spelling, or formatting of your paper easily and cheaply. Here, two number of chains get used, one Cross staff 1 number Chain 2 number (20m / 30m) Arrows - 10 Numbers. The chain is a unit of length equal to 66 feet (22 yards). The term chaining is used to denote measuring distance with either chain or tape, In the process of chaining, The survey party consists of a leader (the surveyor at the forward end of the chain) a follower (the surveyor at the rare end of the chain and an assistant to establish intermediate points) . In order to note the readings of chain survey a note book or surveyors book is used. The principle of chain surveying / chain triangulation is to provide a skeleton or framework consisting of a number of connected triangles. Arrows are made of hardened and tempered steel wire of diameter 4mm. Answer is simple and fairly level . 1. The ranging rod for ranging out straight lines. 8. b. Triangles . Instruments required: Chain, Cross staff, Arrows, Ranging rods and Offset rods Procedure: In order to calculate the area of any irregular shaped field, it is necessary to divide that area into number of right angled triangles and trapezoids. 4. 5. A surveyor's cross is used to find a right angle between a line and an object. When using the cross, it is placed atop a staff. Offset Staff An offset staff is exactly 10 links long. A link is 1/100th of a chain. A chain is 66 feet. Therefore, an offset staff is 6 feet 7.2 inches. Principle: Two chains are usually provided one for measuring distance along the chain line and other for measuring the offsets. c. square . It is a system of surveying in which sides of various triangles are measured directly in the field and NO angular measurements are taken. 4. Adjustable cross-staff can be used to set any angle also since there are graduations and the upper drum can be rotated over a lower drum. 2. Also Know, what is Cross staff in survey? Chain surveying is a type of survey in which the surveyor takes measurements in the field and then completes plot calculations and other processes in the office. 3. Chaining is a term that is used to denote measuring distance either with the help of a chain or a tape and is the most accurate method of making direct measurements.. For work of ordinary precision, a chain can be used, but for higher precision, a tape or special bar can be used. It is an oblong book of size 200 mm 120 mm, which can be carried in the pocket. Write all observation in field book or level book immediately. Supply Chain - India - Supply Chain - India Allogistx International Inc. 2130 Huntington Drive suit 205 South Pasadena, CA 91030 info@Allogistx.com Office: 323.254.9550 | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view. Line measuring equipment e.g. Chain surveying is a type of surveying in which a chain is used to measure distances between points. Chain surveying, It is a method of Surveying in which no angles are measured but the only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. It derives its name from the fact that the 5. 6. In cross staff survey the land area get divided into right angled triangles and trapeziums, and their bases and perpendiculars are get measured. Chain Surveying Chain surveying is used for measuring only horizontal linear measurement. Repeat the process until completion the work. APCs staff has deep knowledge about every demand of rail transportation in order to make it an efficient and very safe way to transport your goods. Answer is Triangles . In chain and cross staff surveying first the boundaries of the field are determined and area of the field is find out. Sight point P perpendicular to grid line using cross staff, lets meeting point is P on grid line. It consists of either a frame or box with two pairs of vertical slits and is mounted on a pole shod for fixing in the ground Open cross staff French cross staff Adjustable cross staff 12. Chain survey is recommended when the area is . All observations and measurements taken during chain surveying are to be recorded in a standard field book. Suitability of Chain Survey. The simplest form of cross-staff is the open wooden cross-staff shown in fig. Instrument required. Chain or tape, Arrows, Pegs, Ranging rods, Offset rods, Laths or whites, Plumb bob, Cross staff and Mallet. Chain Surveying. It consists of a round or square piece of wood about 4 cm thick and varying form 15 cm to 30 cm in diameter or side mounted on an iron shod wooden staff about 2.5 cm diameter and 1.5 m long. A wife decides her cross dressing hubby needs to go further. The nearly perfect squareness and northsouth orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built c. 2700 BC, affirm the Egyptians' command of surveying. eyepiece and the objective so that the cross hairs and the image can be seen clearly at the same time. All offsets were recorded in the field bank as per their position until whole of the area was survey. IDM H&S committee meetings for 2022 will be held via Microsoft Teams on the following Tuesdays at 12h30-13h30: 8 February 2022; 31 May 2022; 2 August 2022 n cross-staff In surveying, an instrument consisting of a staff carrying a brass circle divided into four equal parts or quadrants by two lines intersecting each other at the center. The cross staff is made of metal or wood with eye slips at right angles and is used to measure right angles from the line of traverse. measured with a chain and the longest distance is considered for laying off the main chain line. History of construction surveying. lec 2 Chain cross staff surveying - View presentation slides online. It is adopted when Level of accuracy required is not high. Cross Staff Survey; Plotting a Chain Survey; The principle of chain surveying or chain triangulation as it is sometime called is to provide a framework consisting of a number of connected triangles. 3. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of surveying in which measurements are taken in the field and other supplementary works like plotting calculations are carried out in office. Chain in surveying only simple details are know. Open cross staff has two vertical, opposite slits. The cross-staff is made of metal or wood with eye slips at right angles and is used to measure right angles from the line of traverse. The cross staff is used to set out the perpendicular directions for offsets. ; A recent reassessment of Stonehenge (c.2500 BC) suggests that the monument was set out by prehistoric surveyors using peg and rope geometry. Thanks to its high point density and high accuracy, TLS is a very suitable surveying technique for monitoring movements and deformations. As an example, if the height of instrument is 72.58 m, then the staff readings required to locate the 72, 71 and 70m contours are 0.58, 1.58 and 2.58 m respectively. Changing. Gunter's chain or surveyor's chain. 5. a. Rectangles . Cross Staff Survey . 3. By Cross-Sections (8.10): Chain Surveying | Surveying . Next object sighted by cross staff in both directions to grid line. French cross staff consists of a hollow octagonal box. Pegs in Chain Surveying. The staff readings required to fix points on the various contours from the height of instrument. 5. Field Book. The open cross-staff consists of four metal arms with vertical slits. 9 . Theodolite - a transit designed for surveying of high precision. For setting out a perpendicular on a chain line, the cross-staff is held vertically at the approximate position. APPARATUS: Chain, Ranging rod, Arrows, Cross-staff, Metallic Survey (Tape) THEORY: Cross-Staff is the simplest instrument used for setting out perpendicular i.e taking offsets from a chain line. 03 (4.72) Ms. Michelle and ginger continue her transition and more. The chain is then moved to the next point and the process is repeated. auxiliary telescope, a reflector for illuminating the cross hairs and a diagonal prismatic eyepiece for upward sighting, 60' above the horizon. 7.CROSS STAFF This is the instrument used for setting out right angles to a chain line. 7. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and sometime cross staff. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. Metric chains. Information for research of yearly salaries, wage level, bonus and compensation data comparison.

4. THANK U Clarification: The three types are open cross staff, French cross staff and adjustable cross staff. d) cross staff Answer: a. Cross Staff. For better 5. Open cross staff has two vertical, opposite slits. Get 247 customer support help when you place a homework help service order with us. The adjustable cross staff consists of two cylinders of equal diameter, one placed on top of the other. Revenue chain. If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by a) straightening the links b) removing one or more small circular rings c) closing the joints of the rings if opened out d) all of the above Answer: a. Chain surveying is suitable for open ground and small extent area. The surveyors band is made of a steel strip which is rolled into a metal frame with a winding handle. It is 30m, 50m or 100m long. It is used in projects where more accuracy measurement is required. The cross staff is made of metal or wood with eye slips at right angles and is used to measure right angles from the line of traverse Chain in Surveying. c. simple and fairly level. ; In the sixth century BC geometric based techniques

Equipment Needed In Chain Surveying 1. Engineers chain (c). The principle of chain surveying is triangulation. Cross staff . This type of survey is undertaken to locate boundaries of a field or a field or plat and determinations of its area. and measure the distance between two points with the help of the chain is called chainage. The cross-staff is mounted on a wooden pole of length 1.5m and diameter 2.5 cm. 02 (4.70) Taking ginger further, changes at home put Ms. M in charge. Chain surveys require a chain, tape, ranging rods, arrows and a time-cross staff. Metric chain (ii). Our experience in this market allows our customers a one-stop solution for the entire supply chain. 6. 4.

Steel band or Band chain. Arrows used in Chain Surveying. Revenue chain (d). In equipment used in chain surveying,we details discuss about chain,types of chain,tapes,pegs, arrows, ranging rods, offset rods, plumb bob, clinometer, cross-staff, optical square, prism square, chain survey instruments, distance measuring device, instruments used for 3.7. A simple definition of the chain is It is used to measure the distance between two points. chain is used to measure the horizontal distance. d. mountainous . 2) In Chain survey, the area is divided into . 2. a. crowded . 1. 14. In this case AD is the longest and a chain line running from A to D is laid. Two chains are usually provided one for measuring distance along the chain line and other for measuring the offsets. 13. The length of an arrow is 25 to 50 cm. What is Cross staff in surveying? A college education provides the foundation for unequaled career options, increased lifetime

11. The two pairs of arms (AB and BC) are at right angles to each other. In this survey, the base line runs through the center of the area, so that the offsets are left or right side of base line are fairly equal. 7. d. trapezoids . ranging rod, arrows and, sometimes, a cross staff. b. undulating. On either side of chain line cross staff and were tape used. The distances determined by chaining form the basis of all surveying. Write the different types of Chain.